History and Development of Clothes Irons

History and Development of Clothes Irons 1.0 Introduction The report thoroughly examines the development and history of cloths irons and investigate of the materials used. The purpose of this report is to describe and examine the function and special features of this appliance. And, to identify the social, environmental, sustainability and cultural implications that have arisen from the development. Further exploring the use of this type of appliance with so to classify the materials used. A clothes iron also known as a flat iron, or smoothing iron, is a household appliance used to smoothen out the crinkles out of and creases into clothes. 1.1 History of Iron The history of the cloths iron advanced from in the 1st century. First iron developed with metal pans filled with boiling water were initially used in China during that period. Empire-era Romans had several tools like the modern iron. This flat metal mallet was used to hit clothes. The creases were removed by the pounding. Around the fifteenth century, an enhancement over the flatiron was presented. The hot box was made of a hollow metal box with a smooth bottom and a grip. Inside, hot coals, or some other heating element were placed. In the late 1800s, gas irons came into existence. Households had separate gas lines, and the gas iron was hooked up to the gas line by a pipe. The iron contained a burner to which the gas ran. When the burner was lit, the iron intensified. These irons were usuallyiron heated with oil, gasoline, and other fuels. Later, throughout the 1880s when electricity was later becoming extensive accessible in regular households. The very initial development of plug-in iron was by Henry W. Seeley in 1882. This was attached to an electrical source by removable cables. Electricity from the source stimulated the irons interior coils. The irons were heated on a stand which had to be reheated frequently. There was no way of controlling its temperature. One big problem with Seeleys iron was that it heated gradually, and cooled progressively when used. The iron had to be reheated repeatedly. During the 20th century, Thomas Sears invented the first steam iron. Most modern irons are made of metallic and polymer materials, and most have features such as steam, temperature controls, and programable shutoff. High heat of steam provides the ease of removing wrinkles and creases off clothing. 1.3 Impact and Effects The development of iron led to the improvement of minimalise time consumption spent on ironing clothes improving the domestic household by reducing physical labor with the small and compact tool. The improvement of the iron led to new features and improved quality such as allowing vertical steaming, temperature control and etc. Engineers uses the latest materials and manufacturing processes, include a range of features to ensure comfort appearance, safety and ergonomics to the society. Frequent ironing can lead to environmental impacts depicted in society, leading to massive amounts of electricity consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Generally, one iron uses 1000 Watts of energy annually of 3 people, significantly using a substantial amount of energy. Because the demand for electricity is variable throughout the day, its generation is uneven. This produces problems and enhances a financial and environmental cost. 2.0 Description 2.1 Components The iron is functioned when electric voltage is transferred through a coil and it is heated. This heat is then transferred to the soleplate through conduction. Modern irons operate by water transferred into a small transparent water tank and boiled until its indicated it is ready. User can adjust the steaming option with a mechanical button. The blend of heat and pressure removes wrinkles and creases using resistive heating from an electrical current. Ironing works by discharging the bonds between the long-chain polymer particles in the fibers of the material. While the particles are hot, the fibers are flattened by the mass of the iron, and they grasp their new form as they calm Modern Iron consists of: Sole Plate: Its made with molten aluminum. This is placed in a mold where holes are made. Then its pressure, cooled, and released. Aluminum allows corrosion not to occur. It is polished, layered with a non-stick material making it stainless. Thermostat: In mold, a small metal post is made. A spring is made onto it. This spring is completed of two different metals. The spring controls the irons temperature. Power contacts are connected to the spring, which then the electricity is allowed through so the iron can be heated. Housing and Handle: In a mold, the heated plastic is inserted into a mold under pressure, cooled, and released. The heating element: This is between the sole plate and cover plate. The heating element consists of nichrome wire wound around a sheet of mica. The two ends of the nichrome wire are connected to the contact strips. The contact strips are connected to the terminals of the iron. Mica is a very good insulating material and can also endure very high temperature 2.2 Production When all the components are mass-produced, the iron is completed on a computerised production line. The sole plate is the first part on the assembly line. The thermostat is screwed then to the plate by automaton machinery. To the sole plate-thermostat subassembly, the water tank is set together. It is secured with mechanical robots with attachments, Grip and frame is linked over the sole plate, thermostat and water tank, and secured by bolts. Electrical cord is the last piece to be added. After robotic testing procedure, the irons are examined by hand. Finished irons are packed into separate boxes with instructions and other documents. 2.3 FEATURES Modern irons have various features: Auto Shutoff Automatically turned off when left idle its heel for 8 minutes Anti-drip Prevents leaks when the iron is not hot enough to steam. Anti-calcium Allows self-cleaning. A valve that acts as a filter that you need to be clean from time to time. This prevents the built-up of calcium built-up due to hardness of water. Temperature Control Adjust the temperature on types of materials: silk, wool, cotton, linen, etc. Cord Control The point at which the cord attaches to the iron and has a spring to hold the cord out of the way when ironing, this prevents fires and provides more convenience. 3.0 Analysis The three main materials used in the clothes iron and the engineering properties of each are: Materials Advantages Disadvantages Thermosetting Polymer (Outer Cover) Allow easy cleaning on the smooth surface Reduced weight Cheap and inexpensive Insulator remains cool when operated in elevated temperature of heat High toxicity and flammability Low strength Non-biodegradable Ceramics (Components) Inexpensive Stable at elevated temperatures Good electrical insulators Weak in tension. Poor shock resistance. Molten Aluminum (Sole plate) Non-corrosive Prevention of rusting Stainless metal Recyclable Resistant to elevated temperature use Expensive Vulnerable when scratched Comparison between the early and late model: Early Model Later Model Steel fittings Cast iron base Polymer- Bakelite electrical fittings Copper- electrical wire Cloth- electrical insulation Heated by wood fire or other gases Stainless steel base Aluminum Polymer Polymer PVC electrical insulation Copper electrical wire Ceramic electronic components Heated by electric element 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION A feature I would improve on the iron is the sole plate. An improved and better coating would be invented that can be more resistant and tough from damage as zippers or other protrusions on clothing to can damage the sole plate. And reduce the dragging over and on the textile material when using the iron making it smoother to utilise. These enhancements and development can be found in the factor of better alloys or better nonstick coatings. With the innovations advancement of inventions of technologies, materials and component has been advanced and hence better quality. The early model utilises wood and other gases to power the iron whilst in comparison now into the contemporary modern day society it enhances on electrical power to rely on. Metal was used in the ancient periods but in present society polymer is handled to which creates an insubstantial light-weighted product and thus extremely convenient and accessible on daily lives in society. 5.0 APPENDIX References Information About the Electric Iron Invention: How an Electric Iron Works. Bright HubEngineering: Articles, News Industry, Information Written for Engineers. NP/NDWeb. 18 March 2017. Bright Hub Engineering. 2010. The Invention of the Electric Iron. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/consumer-appliances-electronics/64941-the-invention-of-the-electric-iron/. [Accessed 18 March 2017]. MOHD HAZUAN BIN MOHD ZAWAWI. 2010. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL IRON USING BOOTHROYD DEWHURST DFMA METHODOLOGY. [ONLINE] Available at: http://eprints.utem.edu.my/2985/1/Design_And_Analysis_Of_Electrical_Iron_Using_Boothroyd_Dewhurst_DFMA_Methodology_-_24_pages.pdf. [Accessed 18 March 2017]. Eric Benac. 2010. Who Invented the Pressing Iron? [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ehow.com/about_5113872_invented-pressing-iron.html. [Accessed 18 March 2017]. How clothes iron is made material, history, used, parts, components, product, machine, History, Raw Mcaterials. 2017. How clothes iron is made material, history, used, parts, components, product, machine, History, Raw Mcaterials. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Clothes-Iron.html. [Accessed 17 March 2017]. _History and Theory of Ironing_. 2017. _History and Theory of Ironing_. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.jitterbuzz.com/ironing_history.html. [Accessed 17 March 2017]. History of steam iron. 2017. History of steam iron. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.steamiron.info/storiaferrostiro.htm. [Accessed 17 March 2017]. Smoothing Iron 1882 MagLab. 2017. Smoothing Iron 1882 MagLab. [ONLINE] Available at: https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity-magnetism/museum/smoothing-iron. [Accessed 17 March 2017]

Organizational psychology Simulation Response Essay

Leadership and management has been two confusing practices for many people tend to confuse leadership and management. Leadership has many definitions that may leave one completely confused having no appropriate meaning. Leaders and managers seem to have close responsibilities in the welfare of the organization. Leadership in general is defined as influencing, motivating, organizing and providing support to the employees or workers. Management on the other hand is mastering the working behavior and progress of the employees. Therefore, the leaders are more concerned with the welfare of the employee while managers mostly concerned with the welfare of the organization. There is difference in response by the workers to the leaders and managers, this can be distinguished by taking a close look on how they understand between the two terms and responses they give to each. Simulation response Interestingly, most employees tend to prefer working with leaders than managers. Good leaders are never dictators, they guide the employees through their work to achieve the desired goals. Leadership is very crucial in the welfare of the employees in the organization, good leaders are responsible for the employees’ achievement and their working conditions. According to (Yukl, 1992), employees are the one that determines who real leaders and who managers are depending on how they respond to the two issues. Employees tend to respond to leaders in a different way from how they respond to the managers. Due to difference in the working behaviors, managers are feared for they do anything no matter the impact it may bring to the employee just to protect the interests of the organization while the leaders will try to balance both issues and interests. A leader seems to be more skillful than the manager because he must possess interpersonal skills of persuading and influencing employees to perform a task, they are more concerned with the process the duty is performed unlike the managers who are more concerned with the outcome. Leaders provide the strategic direction and vision to the employees and to entire organization and making sure that every task is completed in time and in the right order, they are responsible for organization goals and future destinations, they are responsible of motivating and coaching the employees to achieve the expected goal for them. Different leaders posses different traits depending on their effectiveness, though the research have not yet defined on how effective a leader could be. Leadership is more of behavior while management is mostly on commands, therefore the leaders behavior are more complex and hard to understand for no one knows or predicts what a leader is up for while every knows what the manager is expecting of him. Leaders are able to influence the implementation of certain behaviors without affecting the working routine of employees while the managers will force it in which might affect the employees and their working conditions. Decision According to the above discussion, it’s clear that leaders can perform both duties they perform and those performed by managers. It would of great benefit to any organization if leaders are given more priority than managers for they have more skills than managers. They are among the most important asset the organization can have for they care about the company and employees. Leaders deliver more benefits to the company through administering the working process of the employee, they are attentive through out and have that personal skills to motivate workers therefore delivering the best to the company. Leaders don’t struggle in seeking the process of achieving the organization goals for they are able to implement a road map to the goals without dictating to the employees, they are part of the reliable personnel that holds the company’s corners, so, if the managers work is just to sit in the office giving directions, the leader is out with other workers guiding them to achieve the goal in the easier way. Conclusion Leaders are able to understand the dynamics of influence and power to their employees, through the strategies the leaders use they determine the roadmap the organization is going to follow to achieve the desired goal. Persuasive power possessed by the leaders makes the most useful human asset to the organization; good leadership is determined by the achievements one achieves. Most managers are known to dictate the working map to achieve what they desire as the leaders will try to understand what the employees will do right to achieve the organization goals. Therefore it quite hard to understand the strategies a leader may use to influence the employees, there is no defined map the leaders use while every employee knows the interest of a manager is always result oriented.

Essay on family pressure in great depression - 731 Words

1. Family pressure during the great depression was unlike any the U.S. has ever seen. Everything about families changed in the 1930s. Couples during the depression delayed marriage, and at the same time the divorce rates dropped because people could not afford to pay for two households. Birthrates also dropped and for the first time in American history below the replacement level. Income was closed to none in all families; regular income had dropped by 35% just in the years Hoover was in office. Families had a lot of stress; some pulled together and made do with what they had others pushed away. People turned to who ever they had, family, friends, and after all else the government. Although there were rich people in the depression as well†¦show more content†¦During the years of the depression all families had hard times. 2. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; By 1933 millions of Americans were out of work. 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